Which of the following can complicate medication management in the elderly?

Cognitive impairments can significantly complicate medication management in the elderly due to several factors. As individuals age, they may experience declines in cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and reasoning skills. These impairments can lead to difficulties in understanding medication regimens, remembering dosages, and recognizing potential side effects or interactions.

Moreover, cognitive impairments can result in issues with adherence to prescribed medications, as seniors might forget to take their medications or misplace them. They may also struggle to communicate effectively with healthcare providers regarding their medications. This vulnerability requires careful consideration in medication management, including the need for caregiver support, simplified medication schedules, or the use of devices that assist in medication administration.

While the other factors mentioned can also play a role in complicating medication management, cognitive impairments are particularly critical because they directly affect the elderly person's ability to understand and manage their own treatment plans, making it essential for healthcare providers to actively address these challenges.