What type of connection does a fistula for hemodialysis represent?

A fistula for hemodialysis represents a surgical connection between an artery and a vein. This type of vascular access is created to facilitate the efficient removal and return of blood during hemodialysis treatments. The artery provides high blood flow, which is essential for the dialysis machine to effectively filter the blood, while connecting it to a vein allows for easier access for blood flow back into the body after it has been cleaned.

Creating a fistula generally involves an anastomosis (surgical connection) that enables the high-pressure arterial blood to flow into the lower-pressure venous system. This process enlarges the vein over time, making it suitable for repeated needle insertions needed for dialysis. This type of access is preferred over other options, such as catheters or grafts, because it tends to have a lower risk of infection and complications, and can last longer.

The other options mentioned do not accurately reflect the configuration seen in a dialysis fistula. Connecting two arteries, two veins, or a vein to the peritoneum does not meet the physiological requirements needed for effective hemodialysis.