What physical deformity is vividly identified by a 'hunchback' appearance?

The physical deformity characterized by a 'hunchback' appearance is kyphosis. This condition involves an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a pronounced rounding of the upper back. It is often visible when a person is standing or sitting, and the spine appears to curve forward.

Kyphosis can result from various factors, including degenerative diseases, developmental issues, or trauma, and can sometimes be associated with pain and decreased mobility. This distinct posture is what makes kyphosis easily identifiable, differentiating it from other spinal deformities.

In contrast, scoliosis refers to a lateral curvature of the spine, which does not typically present with a hunched appearance. Osteoporosis is related to weakened bones and decreases bone density but is not directly characterized by a specific spinal curvature. Lordosis, commonly referred to as "swayback," describes an excessive inward curve of the lumbar spine, leading to a different postural appearance that does not resemble a hunchback.