A primarily cognitive disorder appearing in childhood accompanied by a lack of adaptive behaviors is known as what?

The condition being referenced is an intellectual disability, which is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviors. This disorder typically manifests during the developmental period, which encompasses childhood.

Cognitive functioning involves mental processes such as thinking, learning, and problem-solving—areas that are significantly affected in individuals with intellectual disabilities. These individuals often face challenges in adapting to everyday life skills, such as communication, social interactions, and self-care, which can hinder their ability to thrive in various environments.

Intellectual disabilities encompass a spectrum of severity, but the common thread is the impact on both cognitive abilities and the necessary adaptive behaviors required to engage successfully with one's surroundings. This definition aligns perfectly with the parameters set by the question.

Other options, such as congenital disease, would imply a medical condition present from birth that may not specifically focus on cognitive impairments. Adaptive dysfunction implies a lack of skills in certain areas but does not necessarily encompass the broad cognitive deficits associated with intellectual disabilities. Torres mentalis is not a recognized term in the context of cognitive disorders related to childhood developmental issues.