A newborn showing signs of respiratory distress and decreased oxygen saturation should be evaluated for which of the following conditions?

In evaluating a newborn suffering from respiratory distress and decreased oxygen saturation, meconium aspiration is a significant condition to consider. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs during or before delivery. This can lead to obstruction of the airways, inflammation, and impaired gas exchange, resulting in respiratory distress and decreased oxygen levels.

The identification of meconium aspiration is crucial because it directly impacts the immediate management and intervention needed for the newborn. Early recognition and appropriate care can help mitigate the complications associated with this condition and improve the newborn's overall outcomes.

In contrast, while the other options represent various potential concerns in obstetric and neonatal care, they are not directly linked to the immediate respiratory distress and oxygenation issues the newborn is displaying. Hyperglycemia primarily relates to metabolic imbalances rather than respiratory complications. Preeclampsia is a condition affecting the mother during pregnancy and does not directly cause respiratory distress in the newborn. Polyhydramnios indicates an excess of amniotic fluid but is not a specific cause of respiratory distress in a newborn. Therefore, focusing on meconium aspiration provides the most relevant context for a newborn in respiratory distress.